Headstone of the Furii
Marble.
13 BCE — 5 CE (Kleiner).
62 × 214 cm.
Inv. No. 10464.Rome, Vatican Museums, Gregorian Profane MuseumPhoto by Sergey Sosnovskiy

Headstone of the Furii.

Marble.
13 BCE — 5 CE (Kleiner).
62 × 214 cm.
Inv. No. 10464.

Rome, Vatican Museums, Gregorian Profane Museum
(Roma, Musei Vaticani, Museo gregoriano profano).

Rome, Lateran Museum.
Description:
CIL VI 18795

Furia mulieris liberta Publius Furius Publi libertus Furia mulieris liberta Furia mulieris liberta Caius Sulpicius Cai libertus

In a contemporary relief (fig. 60) three women and two men, all libertini, are positioned either frontally or in three-quarter views and gaze out from the horizontal frame. The three women resemble one another and may be sisters, but this cannot be ascertained from the epitaph, which merely states that all three women and the man on the left are conliberti, that is, all freedmen of the Furius family: Publius Furius, the freedman of Publius Furius, and the women, freedwomen of a woman (again there is the retrograde C), probably the wife of Publius Furius. The man and the woman on the far right of the relief and the couple in the center turn toward one another, and

it is likely that they are married pairs. The woman at far left was very likely unmarried, but this is conjecture based on the composition of the figures; nothing in the epitaph confirms it. The man at far right is also a freedman, but from a different family. He is Gaius Sulpicius, the freedman of Gaius Sulpicius. All three women wear the nodus coiffure, popularized by Livia, Octavia, and Julia in the 30s and 20s B. C. The freedwomen in the Furius relief thus imitate the latest Augustan fashion in coiffures. We cannot, of course, know how often women actually wore such elaborate hairstyles, but it is clear that they wanted to be remembered as adhering to the latest court fashion.

The funerary reliefs of libertini of the Augustan age are entirely free of mythological and allegorical overtones. The reliefs depict, almost without exception, men and women dressed in civilian garments. The subtleties and pretensions of aristocratic iconography arc, for the most part, noticeably absent, that is, the approximation to deities, mythological figures, Greek athletes, and so on.

Diana Kleiner (1992)
Literature:
W. Altmann, Die römischen Grabaltäre der Kaiserzeit (Berlin 1905) 199;
O. Benndorf — R. Schöne, Die antiken Bildwerke des Lateranensischen Museums (Leipzig 1867) 330 Cat. no. 467;
R. Bianchi Bandinelli — M. Torelli, Etruria. Roma (1976) Cat. no. 78;
H. G. Frenz, Untersuchungen zu den frühen römischen Grabreliefs (Frankfurt am Main 1977) 162 Cat. no. F 2;
F. W. Goethert, Zur Kunst der römischen Republik (1931) 38 ff. 46;
W. Helbig, Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom. Die päpstlichen Sammlungen im Vatikan und Lateran I4 (Tübingen 1963) Cat. no. 1139;
D. E. E. Kleiner, Roman Group Portraiture (New York 1977) 108 Cat. no. 89;
V. Kockel, Porträtreliefs stadtrömischer Grabbauten, Beiträge zur Erschließung hellenistischer und kaiserzeitlicher Skulptur und Architektur 12 (Mainz 1993) 133 f. Cat. no. G10 Pl. 44 a-c;
F. Sinn, Reliefs, Altäre, Urnen, Museo Gregoriano Profano ex Lateranense. Katalog der Skulpturen 1, 1, MAR 17 (Mainz am Rhein 1991) 30 f. Cat. no. 9;
R. Steininger, Die weiblichen Haartrachten im ersten Jahrhundert der römischen Kaiserzeit (1909) 18;
P. Zanker, Grabreliefs römischer Freigelassener, JdI 90, 1975, 273 Anm. 21; 294 Ill. 31.
Credits:
(сс) 2008. Photo: Sergey Sosnovskiy (CC BY-SA 4.0).
© 2019. Add. information: http://arachne.uni-koeln.de/item/objekt/21629.
© 1992. Description: Diana E. E. Kleiner. Roman sculpture. Yale University Press New Haven & London. P. 79—80.
Keywords: γλυπτική sculptura sculpture sculptural scultura skulptur ρωμαϊκό roman romana romano romani römisch römische römisches römischen römischer romain romaine romains romaines κηδεία funeral funerary funeraria funerario begräbnisskulptur beerdigung funéraire ανακούφιση relief rilievo tombstone gravestone lapide monumento sepolcrale grabstein pierre tombale απεικόνιση portrait portraiture ritratto ritrattistica porträtmalerei porträt of a man male maschile uomo männliches mann masculin un homme woman female femminile donna weibliches frau de femme reliefs sollievo porträtrelief marble marmo marmor marbre μάρμαρο hairdo hairstyle pettinatura acconciatura weibliche frisur coiffure féminine θηλυκό χτένισμα capite velato caput velatum veiled with covered head anellus annellus ring anello anneau δαχτυλίδι toga toge τόγκα anulus finger-ring fingerring libertus liberti freedman freedmen liberto freigelassener freigelassene freigelassenen affranchi affranchis απελεύθερος ελεύθερος liberta libertae freedwoman freedwomen affranchie ελευθερωμένη nodus gens family di famiglia familienporträt familie famille οικογένεια herren-frisur masculine furii furius furia furier headstone the büstengrabrelief der furii cil vi 18795 furia mulieris publius publi caius sulpicius cai ɔ inv no 10464